Efficient Spatial Organization for Occupants in Need: Innovative Spatial Solutions for Displaced and Vulnerable Groups

Abstract

Natural disasters and conflicts not only cause physical damage to the environments in which people live but also deprive individuals of adequate shelter. As one of the most fundamental human rights, access to proper housing is of critical importance. In this context, this study investigates how the spatial organization of temporary shelter camps affects user satisfaction across various international contexts. A web-based documentary analysis method was applied to examine nine case study regions that were significantly affected by disasters and conflicts in the 21^st century. These regions, Sri Lanka, the United States, Haiti, Turkey, Japan, Greece, the Philippines, Nepal, and Italy, were selected through purposive sampling, based on the severity of the disasters and their impact on local populations. Data were obtained through the review of academic literature, media archives, and institutional reports, with affected areas identified accordingly. Triangulated analyses within the reviewed academic sources provided valuable insights into the conditions of temporary camps. The findings reveal pervasive security vulnerabilities, insufficient user-focused assistance from local governments and civil society organisations, feeble spatial design, poor sanitation facilities, and restricted access to social infrastructure. These deficits adversely affect psychological well-being and community integration. The study indicates that temporary shelters created during catastrophes and wars must adhere to international humanitarian standards, integrate adaptable and sustainable spatial plans, and get backing from local authorities and the Sustainable Development Goals through user-centred interventions. The study is to provide a reference for future research and the efficient organisation of temporary shelter camps.